Cultural and Environmental beauty, wild life

“It is a national tragedy that here wild life is seen from a narrow vision”

Biology is a branch of the science in which different kinds of living species found in natural environment are studies.  In the world, thousands kind of plants and animals are found. From geographical aspect, different regions are different from each other not only from the aspect of climate and physical characteristics, but also the species found there are different from each other. For example, animals found in America are entirely different from those found in Asia and Australia.

According to a report 1324000 kinds of animals and 270000 kinds of plants have been discovered. The point to be noticed is that according to the latest researches, the average of species found in hot regions is much more than in the cold regions. This is why that 8.6 percent of the total species are fond in Indo-Pak only. According to geographical viewpoint, India and Pakistan exist in the same region. Therefore, Pakistan is also blessed by this beautiful gift of nature.

In the last few decades, thousands acre of jungles have been diminished due to the rapidly increasing population of humans and this process is still in continuity.

If we analyze the evolution of plants and animals, then we shall come to know that all these plants and animals existed even millions of years before the existence of human beings. Persons who deal with natural environment system or ecosystem knows very well, that how animals and plants make food chain and many food chains combine to form food network or food web. It means that how the plants, herbivores and carnivores depends on each other.

In a food chain if one of the groups is slightly damaged, then other cannot remain safe without being affected. Sometimes this food dependence is so specific that existence of one specie depends upon the special specie of other group.

For example the bear found in China totally depends on the leaves of cane. If the forests of cane may diminish, their existence may also be diminished. Similarly many insects complete their lifecycle depending on special insects of other specie. If their host insects diminishes, than they must also have to die.

Another major problem for the survival of living organism is that their natural shelters are being destroyed. There are a few birds and animals, which have transformed them to survive in the rapidly increasing human population e.g., crow, sparrow, myna etc. But most of the animals and birds require natural environment for their survival e.g., vulture, falcon and fox etc.

The clearance of forests is the ultimatum that not only the Seraiki region but also the species of many other regions of the country are in danger. However, all these animals have equal right to live on earth and to maintain their heritance as the humans have.

It is very sad that here wildlife is seen with narrow vision. Even the Wildlife Protection Agency (WPA) in our region give importance only to the mammalian animals like dear, goat, cow and birds like cocks, wild peacock, falcon etc. However, thousands of snakes, turtles, and lizards are neglected. Besides these a group of living organisms exist, which is so important in the food web, that if they do not remain, then our world may become barren with a few years. And that group is insects of earth. It is need of the hour that along with the reptilians (Snakes, turtles etc), insects should also be treated just like mammals and birds and given equal importance to the them too.

According to an approximate estimation, millions type of insect are found in Pakistan which serves as the backbone in the environmental system. The above point can be elaborated by the fact that our 80 percent of the birds are fed on insects. Apart from this almost all of our reptiles, snakes, and lizards eat insects. Many of the wild living organisms like wild cat, squirrels and rats also eat insects. Besides all these factors, the service these insects do to us is the Pollination.

Actually pollination is the phenomenon which results n the formation of flower from the fruit and fruit from the seed. About 80 percent of the plants of the world depend upon pollination. Here a point is revealed that the plants, on which the animals and humans of whole world depend, themselves depend upon insects. All over the world, the quantity of pollinator insects is decreasing and many of their species have been diminished. The biggest reason of this is the destroying of natural environment, for which the humans are responsible.

All over the world, May agencies and rules are made to save the wildlife. Big national parks are coming into being for this purpose where human interruption is not allowed. Many wildlife parks are made in Pakistan also where the wildlife are being provided with protection and propagation keeping the country resources in view.

In Seraiki region, “Laal Suhanra National Park” is very important. In that park that “centre for propagation and blackbuck” is considered as the biggest centre of South Asia. But it is very sad that blackbuck which was very common in the far way areas of Cholistan, now is limited to this centre only. Blackbuck cannot be seen anywhere in Cholistan now. Abundant hunting has diminished its specie from the natural

All over the world, many agencies and rules are made to save the wildlife. Big national parks are coming into being for this purpose where human interruption is not allowed. Many wildlife parks are made in Pakistan also where the wildlife are being provided with protection and propagation keeping the country resources in view.

In Seraiki rgion, “Laal Suhanra Park, is very important. In that park, the center for the propagation and breeding of blackbuck is considered as biggest center of South Asia. Bu it is very sad that blackbuck which was very common in the far away areas of Cholistan, now is limited to this center only. Blackbuck cannot be seen anywhere in Cholistan now a days. Abundant hunting has demolished its specie from the natural environment.

In Seraiki region, not only this, but in other areas Thal and Daman, due to excessive hunting and clearance of forests, the species of many animals are in danger. Black and brown quail, stag and sarang (a kind of deer) are going to be diminished. Similarly hoopoe, local trees like Jaal, Toolha and local mangoes are now very rare due to which breeding of many birds is goig to be end like Toota Chanh and eagle etc.

In Seraiki literature especially in poetry the tragedy of the region along with Indus valley is inflexed. In this field, in the book of “Asholaal”, namely “Sindh Saagar Naal Hamesha”, the lengthy poems; “Katha Sarang”, “Katha Hans” and “Katha Balhan” are very important.

However, it is the need that researches should be promoted in the wildlife organization because the worst thing in our forests is monoculture which means that on million of acres either eucalyptus or Shesham is grown.

However, to promote the ecosystem, such a mix culture should be applied, so that even in a small place, many species can be able to grow. For example, many of our local trees are weedy or branchful and give fruit at different intervals of year. In such way many birds make nests in them and the insects can get flowers for the whole year.

Similarly none of the local trees can make our environment better. For example (wild Muscut ) has been imported from America and introduced here first time. If proper cutting and shaping is given to it, it becomes a beautiful and tall tree otherwise it becomes a weed like plant. Researches have proved that this plant and other plants of its family bore flower when other plants do not (especially after the spring season until the end of June).

Also this tree provide food to thousands kinds of butterflies, flies and other insects. But it is very sad to say that in Pakistan, forest departmental agency had not paid attention towards this tree. As a result, this plant has become a weed and the corporation is cutting this tree saying it a wild weed.

For the protection and propagation of wildlife, it is necessary that in the whole country along with Seraiki region, that the wildlife and forest authority staff members should be trained at an international level in which they should be taught how to arrange and organize the ecosystem on scientific basis.  Apart from mammals and bids, a list should be prepared of other wild lives and a record should be kept of every specie of animals. Instruments and techniques of international level should be provided for the monitoring of wildlife. Also the wildlife and forest department authorities should work along with the universities of their region so that research work can be promoted.

The most important thing is that maximum of the people should do PHd in Environmental and classification of living organisms because until we do not know our animals and insects, we would not be able to monitor them. And I would also be difficult to know that which specie is going to become distinct from the world.

For all these purposes, government should provide sufficient funds. For this purpose big plans can be processed by taking help from International organizations along with the Seraiki region, in all over the country more wildlife parks should be made for the safety of wildlife and forests. And the ones, which already exist, should be made for the safety of wildlife and forests and the ones, which already exist, should be protected and wood stealing should be prevented.

Also material related to forests and wildlife should be included in the syllabus, which should be taught from lower classes up to the university level. Moreover, awareness is requisite so that people individually can protect the cultural and environmental beauty, forests and the wildlife.